Chelsea are cautioned for dissent nearly twice as often as the league.
Dissent cautions per match played, every club, with 95% intervals.
Dot: the rate. Bar: the 95% range. Only Chelsea and Wolves sit above
the league by more than their own range and 5 below it. The other
18 overlap the league and each other — no neighbouring
pair separates.
0.70 a match against 0.37
Chelsea highest in all three seasons ·
0.68 · 0.74 ·
0.68
Clubs differ by more than chance — the spread is 2.14× an
equal league’s, and none of 3,000 simulations reached it.
Not controlled: which referees worked a club’s matches.